Imakethi yeFanitshala yaPhandle yeMarike yeHlabathi ngoku iMeko yangoku kunye noHlalutyo loBubungakanani beMakethi ku 2021

Njengoko sisazi ukuba iseti yegadi yegadi sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kubantu sokwandisa imida yemisebenzi, ukwakha iimvakalelo kunye nokonwabela ubomi, kunye nomfanekiso obonakalayo wabantu' ukusondela kwindalo kunye nothando lobomi. Iseti yegadi yegadi  ishishini linembali ende yophuhliso, kwaye itekhnoloji sele ikhulile ngokwentelekiso Okwangoku, ifenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiivillas, iihotele, iindawo zokutyela, iipaki, izikwere kunye namanye amasimi angaphandle, ethe yaba lelinye lawona masebe anamandla oshishino lwefenitshala.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ifanitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle kunye nempahla yentengiso iye yaphuhla ukuya kwindlela yokwenza umntu, ifashoni Imfuno yobuntu kunye nefashoni ikhawulezise uhlaziyo lweemveliso kwaye yaphucula isantya sokuhlaziya ifanitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle kunye nokubonelela, kwaye yakhuthaza ukukhula kwemfuno yoshishino. Idatha ibonisa ukuba isikali semarike yefenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle ukusuka ku-2016 ukuya ku-2025 iya kunyuka, ukusuka kwi-14.2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2016 ukuya kwi-25.4 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2025.

INorth America yenye yezona ndawo zisetyenziswayo kwifenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle kunye nezibonelelo, phakathi kwayo iUnited States yihlabathi' Idatha ibonisa ukuba ubungakanani beemarike zefenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle e-United States ukusuka kwi-2013 ukuya kwi-2023 iya kunyuka. Ngo-2013, ubukhulu bemarike yefenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle e-United States yayiyi-6.92 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-9.64 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2023, kunye nezinga lokukhula kwe-compound ye-3.37% Ubungakanani bemarike yefenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle eUnited States imalunga nesiqingatha sehlabathi. Imfuno yefenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle e-United States iphezulu kuneyakwamanye amazwe, kwaye imarike yehlabathi ichatshazelwa kakhulu yimarike yase-United States.

Ifenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle ukukhula kwemarike, uphuhliso eYurophu nase-United States nakwamanye amazwe aphuhlileyo, i-Europe kunye ne-United States imakethi iseyeyona marike iphambili yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle EYurophu nase-United States, kunye nombono wokuzonwabisa ubomi ngokuthe ngcembe buba yingcamango yobomi kunye nokusukela ukuzimela, ukufuna umgangatho wobomi obulungileyo bengcamango yefanitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle ngokuthe ngcembe ibe ngabantu & # 39; Ifenitshala yobomi bemihla ngemihla Ifenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle kunye nokubonelela ngetafile elula, i-chai, ibhentshi, ngokuthe ngcembe yaphuhliswa yaba ziimveliso ezahlukeneyo, izitayile ezininzi, kubandakanya ibrazier, ihammock, ujingi, iambrela kunye nezinye iimveliso. Amava amazwe ngamazwe abonisa ukuba xa ilizwe (ingingqi) nge-GDP ye-capita ifikelela kwi-3,000 ukuya kwi-5,000 USD, ilizwe (ingingqi) liya kungena kwixesha lokuzonwabisa.

Amazwe asele ephuhlileyo sele efikelele kolu sukelo, uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho luzise ukwandiswa kwexesha lokuphumla, abantu abaninzi baye balandisa ixesha lokuzonwabisa ngaphandle. Amashishini aseYurophu naseMelika ahlala ekwindawo enenzuzo kukhuphiswano lwezizwe ngezizwe ngenxa yoyilo oluluqilima kunye ne-R.&D ubunakho, iinzuzo zetshaneli kunye neenzuzo zophawu Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zokwenziwa kwemveliso, inxalenye yokuvelisa idluliselwe ngokuthe ngcembe kumazwe aneendleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi.

Ishishini lefenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle e-China yaqala emva kwexesha. Ngokusekwe ekuqalisweni kwezixhobo zemveliso eziphambili kunye neteknoloji yokuvelisa, ishishini lasekhaya liye laqhubeka livelisa kwaye liphuhliswa, kwaye iteknoloji, umgangatho wemveliso, uyilo kunye namandla ophuhliso, isikali sokuthengisa kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho ziye zaphuculwa ngokubanzi. Nangona iindleko zasekhaya ziye zanyuka unyaka nonyaka kule minyaka yakutshanje, ukuba nokwenzeka kokutshintshwa kwemizi-mveliso yezizwe ngezizwe akukho phezulu kwixesha elifutshane ngenxa yezinto ezifana nenqanaba eliphezulu lokugqibelela kwekhonkco lezoshishino, amandla okuphendula anamandla kunye nabasebenzi abaphezulu. ukusebenza kakuhle Amashishini amakhulu kolu shishino nawo akhulisa utyalo-mali ekuhlaziyeni izixhobo zokusebenza, ekuphuculweni kobuchwephesha kunye neminye imiba, kangangoko ukunciphisa uxinzelelo oluziswa kukunyuka kweendleko zabasebenzi. Ngokubanzi, ukukhuphisana kwe-China ' imboni yefenitshala yangaphandle kwimarike yehlabathi yomelele, kwaye ibonisa umkhwa wokuphucula okuqhubekayo.

Uhlalutyo lwendlela yophuhliso lwamashishini

Ngokuphucuka kancinci komgangatho wobomi, ishishini lefenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle, njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yeshishini lokuzonwabisa, liya kuphuhliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.:

Okokuqala, amandla emfuno yasekhaya makhulu, kwaye ukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe luhlala luphuculwa: amandla okuthengisa amazwe asaphuhlayo amelwe yi-China inkulu, eya kunika indawo ebanzi yophuhliso lweshishini. Okwangoku, i-China iye yaphuhla yaba liziko lehlabathi lokuvelisa ifanitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle kunye nezibonelelo, inkxaso epheleleyo yemizi-mveliso Amashishini akhuphisanayo e-China'ishishini lefenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle lihlala liqinisa ukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yokuphucula rhoqo isakhono soyilo kunye nenqanaba lobugcisa bemveliso.

Okwesibini, uphando kunye nesakhono sophuhliso simisela uphuhliso lwamashishini: imfuno yefenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle yindlela yophuhliso oluhlukeneyo, olubonakaliswa: imfuno yentengiso yeemveliso zomntu kunye nesiphelo esiphezulu siyanda, kwaye imfuno yeemveliso iyanda ngenxa yokwahlukana. kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, ukhetho lwabathengi kunye nokusingqongileyo kwemozulu Uphuhliso lwemveliso kunye nobuchule bokuyila yinto ebalulekileyo yokumisela ixabiso elongezelelweyo, umxholo wetekhnoloji kunye nokukhuphisana kophawu lweemveliso zeshishini. Abavelisi befanitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle kufuneka balandele ngokukhawuleza utshintsho kwiimfuno zeemarike ezahlukeneyo, bomeleze uphuhliso lwemveliso kunye noyilo lokwakhiwa komthamo, kunye nokuqaliswa kwefenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle kunye nokubonelela ngokufanelekileyo kwiimfuno zabathengi, ukwenzela ukuhlangabezana nomthengi & # 39; imveliso yobuntu iimfuno Kwixesha elizayo, kunye nokuphuculwa kwabathengi' Ingqikelelo yokusetyenziswa, uyilo oluzimeleyo kunye nenqanaba lophando lwamashishini efanitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle aya kulawula ngokuthe ngqo isakhono seprimiyamu yeemveliso zabo.

Okwesithathu, ukugxininiswa koshishino kuye kwanda ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye uphawu luye lwaba lugxininiso lweshishini: I-China yangena ngokupheleleyo kwimveliso yefenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle ekupheleni kwe-1980s. Emva kweminyaka yophuhliso, i-China & # 39; ifenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle sele iqalile ukumila ngokwemveliso kunye nomthamo worhwebo. Nangona kunjalo, utyalo-mali lwamashishini kushishino kulwakhiwo lwe-brand alwanelanga ngokunzulu, isakhono soyilo lophawu lubuthathaka, ukungabikho kweempawu ezidumileyo zelizwe, kwaye kusekho umsantsa omkhulu kunye ne-Italiya, iJamani kunye nezinye iimveliso eziphezulu zangaphandle. Okwangoku, iChina ' imveliso yefenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle inabathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi, ugxininiso lweshishini luphantsi, kunye nophuhliso oluqhubekayo lweshishini lefenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle, ukugxila kwishishini kuya kuphucula ngokuthe ngcembe, iibrendi eziphambili ziya kuhlala kwindawo ephezulu. imarike Kwixesha elizayo, i-brand iya kuba yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo zokutsala abathengi kwishishini lefenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle, ngoko ke ulawulo lophawu lungundoqo kulawulo lweshishini kwishishini. Ukomeleza ulawulo lohlobo oluzimeleyo kunye nokwakhiwa kophawu, ukwenza uphawu olucacileyo lokuma kunye nokudityaniswa kophawu, kukuphucula ukukhuphisana kwemveliso kunye nexabiso elongeziweyo lophawu, ibe yinto ebalulekileyo yophuhliso loshishino lwefenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle kwixa elizayo. Kwixesha elizayo, amashishini okuvelisa ifanitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle aya kufuna ukwandisa utyalo-mali kwi-brand, ukuyila, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye neminye imiba, ukwenzela ukubonelela abathengi ' imfuno yeemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu Abavelisi abanentsingiselo yohlobo olulodwa, babambelele kwingqikelelo yoyilo lokuqala, basebenzise izixhobo ezitsha eziluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo, kwaye banokuhlangabezana neemfuno zobuqu zabathengi baya kugqama kukhuphiswano lweshishini.

Okwesine, izixhobo ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe buhlonitshwa kakhulu: Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha, kunokuphucula ubomi benkonzo yemveliso, ukwandisa ukusebenza kwemveliso kunye nomsebenzi, kwaye kunokunyusa ngokufanelekileyo imida yenzuzo yemveliso, ngoko ufumane inkoliseko yemveliso. mveliso yefenitshala yangaphandle kushishino, olufana nokusetyenziswa kweplastiki yomthi kunye nobugcisa obuthatha indawo yomthi wamaplanga, izinto zetsimbi ezisetyenziswa kwifanitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle, yenza iimveliso zinxibelelene kakuhle nomsebenzi onamandla wokuxhathisa umhlwa ngaxeshanye. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha kwenza imveliso ibe mihle kwaye yandise ubomi benkonzo yangaphandle Ngophuhliso loqoqosho lwasekhaya, abantu & # 39; umgangatho wokuphila uphuculwe kakhulu, kwaye imfuno yefenitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle iphuhliswa kwicala lezempilo kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha ukuvelisa ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukonga amandla, iimveliso eziluhlaza ziya kuba yindlela yokusetyenziswa kwemarike yefanitshala yokuzonwabisa yangaphandle.

Okwesihlanu, ulwazi kunye nemveliso yoomatshini iya kuba ngumkhwa: ulwahlulo kunye nokwahlulwahlulwa kweendidi zeemveliso kwenza ukuba ulwazi kunye nenqanaba lomatshini kumashishini aphantsi. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwesikali seshishini kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kweendleko zomntu, iimfuno zeshishini ' iimfuno zeshishini lokuphumelela kwezixhobo, ulawulo lweendleko kunye nomgangatho wemveliso zihlala ziphucula, ukwenza idigri yesicelo sobuchwephesha bolwazi kunye nesidanga soomatshini. izixhobo zokuvelisa ngokuthe ngcembe zibe ngundoqo kumashishini ukuba aphumelele kukhuphiswano lwemarike Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuqiniswa kokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuphuculwa kweendleko zabasebenzi, amashishini kushishino aya kukhula ngokuthe ngcembe abhekiselele kwinqanaba lobukrelekrele kunye noomatshini.

Okwesithandathu, iziteshi zokuthengisa imveliso ziya kuhlukahluka kakhulu: kwiminyaka yamuva, ngokunyuka kwe-e-commerce, abathengi ' Imikhwa yokuthenga nayo iyatshintsha kancinci Ngeqonga lewebhusayithi ye-e-commerce, iisampuli zinokuboniswa ngokucacileyo kubathengi ngendlela ejikelezayo, ukunciphisa amakhonkco aphakathi kunye nokuqonda ukuthengiselana ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwabathengi kunye nabavelisi. Imowudi ye-e-yorhwebo ayinakunciphisa kuphela amakhonkco okujikeleza, ukunciphisa iindleko zolungiselelo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zentengiso, kodwa kwakhona iqonde unxibelelwano olukude, ukuze abathengi abaninzi baqonde iimveliso, benze ukuthengiselana kube lula ngakumbi, ukonyusa amathuba okuthengiselana kunye nokuphucula impumelelo yokuthengisa. Kwixesha elizayo, imodeli ye-e-commerce iya kuba luncedo kwimodeli yokuthengisa yeevenkile ezibonakalayo. Kwisiseko sokubambelela kwimodeli yokuthengisa yeevenkile ezibonakalayo, isikali sokuthengisa imodeli ye-e-commerce iya kwandiswa ngakumbi kwaye ibe nendawo yentengiso ebanzi.

Yasekwa ngo-1984, iLoFurniture ngumvelisi omkhulu weemveliso zefanitshala yangaphandle edibanisa uyilo, uphuhliso, imveliso, intengiso kunye nenkonzo. Isebenza ngokukodwa kuyilo kunye nokwenziwa kwefenitshala yangaphandle, ukubonelela ngeetafile zegadi kunye nezitulo, iisofa zepatio, indawo yokuphumla elangeni kunye neenkonzo ezincedisayo. Iimveliso zithunyelwe kumazwe angaphezu kwe-100 kunye nemimandla yehlabathi, eYurophu, eMntla Melika, kuMbindi Mpuma kunye namaqabane amaninzi asekuhlaleni. Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 yokusebenza okugxininisiweyo kunye nophando lwentengiso, iLofurture igxile kwisitayile sanamhlanje nesilula soyilo, ikhuthaza ukwandiswa kwendawo yokuhlala, yenza ifenitshala yangaphandle ibe yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo zokuhombisa ubuhle, kwaye ibonelela abasebenzisi ngesiphelo esiphezulu, esikhululekile. amava.