Njengoba sikwazi lokho I-patio yengadi isethi iyithuluzi elibalulekile labantu lokwandisa imingcele yemisebenzi, ukwakha imizwa futhi bajabulele ukuphila, kanye nokubonakaliswa okuphathekayo kwabantu'ukusondelana nemvelo nothando lokuphila. I-patio yasengadini isethi imboni inomlando omude wentuthuko, futhi ubuchwepheshe sebukhulile uma kuqhathaniswa Njengamanje, ifenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle isetshenziswe kabanzi kuma-villas, amahhotela, izindawo zokudlela, amapaki, izikwele kanye nezinye izinkambu zangaphandle, okuye kwaba elinye lamagatsha ashukumisayo embonini yefenisha.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ifenisha yezokungcebeleka yangaphandle kanye nemakethe yezimpahla ibithuthukela ekuthambekeni kokwenziwa komuntu siqu, imfashini Isidingo somuntu ngamunye kanye nemfashini sisheshise ukubuyekezwa kwemikhiqizo futhi sathuthukisa isivinini sokuvuselela ifenisha nezinto zokungcebeleka zangaphandle, futhi sakhuthaza ukukhula kwesidingo semboni. Imininingwane ikhombisa ukuthi izinga lemakethe yefenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle emhlabeni wonke kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2025 lizokhuphuka, lisuka ku- $14.2 billion ngo-2016 liye ku- $25.4 billion ngo-2025.
INyakatho Melika ingenye yezindawo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ifenisha nezinto zokungcebeleka zangaphandle, phakathi kwazo i-United States eyimakethe yomhlaba wonke' Idatha ibonisa ukuthi usayizi wemakethe wefenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle e-United States kusukela ngo-2013 kuya ku-2023 uzokhula. Ngo-2013, usayizi wemakethe wefenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle e-United States wawungama-DOLLA ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-6.92, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele kuma-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-9.64 ngo-2023, ngesilinganiso sokukhula esiyinhlanganisela esingu-3.37%. Ubukhulu bemakethe yefenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle e-United States cishe isigamu salokho emhlabeni. Isidingo sefenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle e-United States siphezulu kunesakwamanye amazwe, futhi imakethe yomhlaba wonke ithonywa kakhulu imakethe yase-United States.
Ifenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle
ukukhula kwemakethe, ukuthuthukiswa eYurophu nase-United States nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile, i-Europe kanye nemakethe yase-United States kuseyimakethe enkulu yefenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle. EYurophu nase-United States, ngomqondo wempilo yokungcebeleka kancane kancane iba umqondo wempilo ojwayelekile kanye nokuphishekela umina, ukuphishekela izinga lempilo enhle yomqondo wefenisha ethandwayo, yokungcebeleka yangaphandle kancane kancane iba Abantu's Ifenisha yokuphila kwansuku zonke Ifenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle kanye nezinto ezihlinzekwa ngetafula elilula, i-chai, ibhentshi, kancane kancane yathuthukiswa yaba imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, izitayela eziningi, kufaka phakathi i-brazier, i-hammock, i-swing, isambulela neminye imikhiqizo. Umuzwa wamazwe ngamazwe ubonisa ukuthi uma izwe (isifunda) nge-GDP yomuntu ngamunye ifinyelela ku-3,000 kuya ku-5,000 USD, izwe (isifunda) lizongena enkathini yokuzilibazisa.
Amazwe athuthukile asefinyelele kulokhu okuhlosiwe, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kulethe ukunwetshwa kwesikhathi sokungcebeleka, abantu abaningi bandise isikhathi sokungcebeleka ngaphandle. Amabhizinisi aseYurophu nawaseMelika abelokhu esesimweni esihle emqhudelwaneni wamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yomklamo wawo oqinile kanye no-R.&Amakhono we-D, izinzuzo zesiteshi kanye nezinzuzo zomkhiqizo Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza, ingxenye yokukhiqiza idluliselwe kancane kancane emazweni anezindleko eziphansi zomsebenzi.
Imboni yefenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle e-China iqale sekwephuzile. Ngokusekelwe ekwethulweni kwemishini yokukhiqiza ethuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, imboni yasekhaya iye yasungula futhi yathuthuka ngokuqhubekayo, futhi ubuchwepheshe bayo, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukuklama namandla okuthuthukiswa, isikali sokuthengisa kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho kuye kwathuthukiswa ngokuphelele. Nakuba izindleko zabasebenzi basekhaya bezilokhu zikhuphuka unyaka nonyaka eminyakeni yamuva nje, amathuba okudluliselwa kwezimboni ezinkulu emazweni angaphandle awekho phezulu esikhathini esifushane ngenxa yezici ezifana nezinga eliphezulu lokuphelela kochungechunge lwezimboni, amandla okuphendula asekelayo kanye nomsebenzi ophezulu. ukusebenza kahle Amabhizinisi amakhulu embonini nawo akhuphula utshalomali ekulungisweni kwemishini, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe nezinye izici, ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ingcindezi elethwa ukunyuka kwezindleko zabasebenzi. Ngokuvamile, ukuncintisana kwe-China's imboni yefenisha yangaphandle emakethe yomhlaba kunamandla, futhi kubonisa ukuthambekela kokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo.
Ukuhlaziywa komkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni
Ngokuthuthuka kancane kancane kwezinga lempilo, imboni yefenisha yezokungcebeleka yangaphandle, njengengxenye ebalulekile yemboni yezokungcebeleka, izothuthuka ngalezi zinkombandlela ezilandelayo.:
Okokuqala, amandla esidingo sasekhaya makhulu, futhi ukuncintisana kwamanye amazwe kuhlale kuthuthukiswa: amandla emakethe yamazwe asathuthuka amelwe yiChina makhulu, okuzonikeza indawo ebanzi yokuthuthukiswa kwemboni. Njengamanje, i-China isithuthuke yaba isikhungo sokukhiqiza somhlaba wonke sefenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle kanye nempahla, ukusekela okuphelele kwezimboni Amabhizinisi ancintisanayo e-China'imboni yefenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle ihlala iqinisa ukuncintisana kwawo namazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yekhono lawo lokuklama elihlale lithuthuka kanye nezinga lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza.
Okwesibili, ikhono lokucwaninga nentuthuko linquma ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi: isidingo sefenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle siwumkhuba wokuthuthukiswa okuhlukahlukene, okubonakala ku: isidingo semakethe semikhiqizo yomuntu siqu kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu siyakhula, futhi isidingo semikhiqizo siya ngokuya sihlukahluka ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. kumasiko ahlukene, okuthandwa ngabathengi kanye nesimo sezulu Ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo nekhono lokuklama kuyisici esibalulekile sokunquma inani elengeziwe, okuqukethwe kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuncintisana komkhiqizo wemikhiqizo yebhizinisi. Abakhiqizi befenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle badinga ukulandelela ngokushesha izinguquko ezidingweni ezihlukene zemakethe, baqinise ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo kanye nokwakhiwa kwamandla, futhi bethule ifenisha yezokungcebeleka yangaphandle eyenziwe ngokwezifiso nempahla efanele izidingo zamakhasimende, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nomkhiqizo oqondene nekhasimende' izidingo Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kwabathengi' Umqondo wokusetshenziswa, idizayini ezimele kanye nezinga locwaningo lwezinkampani zefenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle ezinophawu zizobusa ngokuqondile ikhono eliphambili lemikhiqizo yabo.
Okwesithathu, ukugxila embonini kuye kwanda kancane kancane, futhi umkhiqizo usugxile ebhizinisini: I-China yangena ngokugcwele ekukhiqizeni imboni yefenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980. Ngemva kweminyaka yokuthuthuka, ifenisha yaseShayina's yokungcebeleka yangaphandle isiqalile ukuba nokwakheka mayelana nokukhiqiza kanye nomthamo wokuhweba Kodwa-ke, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamabhizinisi embonini ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo akwanele, ikhono lokuklama umkhiqizo libuthakathaka, ukuntuleka kwemikhiqizo ethandwayo kazwelonke, futhi kusenegebe elikhulu ne-Italy, iJalimane nezinye izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yangaphandle. Njengamanje, imboni yefenisha yokungcebeleka yase-China inabahlanganyeli abaningi, ukugxilwa kwemboni kuphansi, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwemboni yefenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle, ukugxila embonini kuzothuthuka kancane kancane, imikhiqizo evelele izothatha isikhundla esiphezulu imakethe Ngokuzayo, umkhiqizo uzoba ngenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokuheha abathengi embonini yefenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle, ngakho ukuphathwa komkhiqizo kuwumgogodla wokuphathwa kwebhizinisi embonini. Ukuqinisa ukuphathwa komkhiqizo okuzimele kanye nokwakhiwa komkhiqizo, ukwakha ukuma komkhiqizo okucacile kanye nencazelo yomkhiqizo, ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana komkhiqizo kanye nenani elingeziwe lomkhiqizo, kube umkhuba obalulekile wokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yefenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle esikhathini esizayo. Ngokuzayo, amabhizinisi akhiqiza ifenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle azodinga ukwandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kumkhiqizo, umklamo, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nezinye izici, ukuze ahlinzekele abathengi' isidingo semikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu Abakhiqizi abanencazelo eyingqayizivele yomkhiqizo, ababambelela emcabangweni wokuqala wokuklama, basebenzisa izinto ezintsha eziluhlaza nezivumelana nemvelo, futhi abangahlangabezana nezidingo eziqondene nabathengi bazogqama emqhudelwaneni wemboni.
Okwesine, izinto ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe buhlonishwa kakhulu: Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha nobuchwepheshe obusha, kungathuthukisa impilo yesevisi yomkhiqizo, kukhuphule ukusebenza komkhiqizo nokusebenza, futhi kungakhuphula ngempumelelo amamajini enzuzo yomkhiqizo, ngakho-ke thola umusa womkhiqizo. imboni yefenisha yangaphandle embonini, njengokusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki yokhuni kanye nobuciko esikhundleni sengxenye yokhuni, izinto zensimbi ezisetshenziswa efenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle, zenza imikhiqizo ithintane kahle nomsebenzi wokumelana nokugqwala okuqinile ngasikhathi sinye. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha kwenza umkhiqizo ube muhle futhi unwebe impilo yesevisi yangaphandle Ngokuthuthuka komnotho wasekhaya, izinga lokuphila labantu liye lenziwa ngcono kakhulu, futhi nesidingo sefenisha yokungcebeleka yangaphandle siyathuthuka ngokuqondene nezempilo kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha ukukhiqiza ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukonga amandla, imikhiqizo eluhlaza iyoba ikusasa lokungcebeleka kwefenisha yemakethe yokusetshenziswa kwemakethe.
Okwesihlanu, ukwaziswa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini kuzoba umkhuba: ukuhlukahluka kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezigaba zomkhiqizo kwenza izinga le-informatization kanye nemishini yezinkampani embonini yehle. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesikali sebhizinisi kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kwezindleko zabantu, izidingo zebhizinisi 's izimfuneko zemishini yokusebenza kahle kwemishini, ukulawulwa kwezindleko kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo zihlala zithuthuka, okwenza izinga lesicelo sobuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye neziqu zemishini imishini yokukhiqiza kancane kancane iba ukhiye ukuze amabhizinisi awine emqhudelwaneni wemakethe Ngokuzayo, ngokudlondlobala kokuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindleko zabasebenzi, amabhizinisi embonini azothuthuka kancane kancane abheke ekuqondeni izinga elihlakaniphile nelemishini.
Okwesithupha, iziteshi zokuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo zizohlukahluka kakhulu: eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokukhuphuka kwe-e-commerce, abathengi' imikhuba yokuthenga nayo iyashintsha kancane Ngeplatifomu yewebhusayithi ye-e-commerce, amasampula angavezwa ngokucacile kubathengi ngendlela yonke, ukunciphisa izixhumanisi eziphakathi nendawo kanye nokubona ukuthengiselana okuqondile phakathi kwabathengi nabakhiqizi. Imodi ye-E-commerce ayikwazi nje ukunciphisa izixhumanisi zokujikeleza, ukunciphisa izindleko zempahla nokunciphisa izindleko zokuthengisa, kodwa futhi ibone ukuxhumana okukude, ukuze abathengi abaningi baqonde imikhiqizo, benze ukuthengiselana kube lula, kwandise amathuba okuthenga futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuthengisa. Ngokuzayo, imodeli ye-e-commerce izoba isengezo esizuzisayo kumodeli yokuthengisa yezitolo ezibonakalayo. Ngokwesisekelo sokunamathela kumodeli yokuthengisa yezitolo ezibonakalayo, isikali sokuthengisa semodeli ye-e-commerce sizokwandiswa futhi sibe nendawo yemakethe ebanzi.
I-LoFurniture yasungulwa ngo-1984, ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wemikhiqizo yefenisha yangaphandle ehlanganisa ukwakheka, ukuthuthukiswa, ukukhiqiza, ukuthengisa kanye nenkonzo. Isebenza ngokukhethekile ekwakhiweni nasekukhiqizeni ifenisha yangaphandle, ihlinzeka ngamatafula nezihlalo zasengadini, osofa basegcekeni, indawo yokuphumula elangeni kanye nezinsiza ezihambisanayo. Imikhiqizo ithunyelwe emazweni nasezifundeni ezingaphezu kwe-100 emhlabeni, eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nabalingani abaningi bendawo. Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 yokusebenza okugxilile kanye nocwaningo lwemakethe, i-Lofurture igxile kwisitayela sokuklama sesimanjemanje nesilula, ikhuthaza ukunwetshwa kwendawo yokuhlala, yenza ifenisha yangaphandle ibe ngenye yezinto ezibalulekile zokuhlobisa ubuhle, futhi inikeza abasebenzisi indawo ephezulu, enethezekile. isipiliyoni.
Izixhumanisi Ezisheshayo
Xhumana Nathinta